The article discusses the importance of handling binary data in modern web applications using constructs like ArrayBuffer, DataView, and Buffer in JavaScript. It explores the historical context of binary data handling in JavaScript and how tools like DataView offer low-level access to binary data in an ArrayBuffer. The article also delves into creating, reading, and writing binary data using DataView and Buffer, highlighting their differences and real-world use cases like WebSockets and File I/O. Additionally, it covers performance considerations, optimization strategies, potential pitfalls, and advanced debugging techniques when working with binary data in JavaScript.